The "save Amanda Knox" cause that has recently consumed this blog, is undergoing a shift. Initially the core group standing behind Amanda Knox were people who knew her. People who simply couldn't conceive of her being the sort of person Mignini described. People who paid their own airfare to testify in her trial. Then a small group of people examined the evidence and found it wanting. So while there was publicity, it was mostly directed in the early days by Mignini towards villifying Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito so as to generate false statements (see
Amanda Knox and prosecutorial abuse for more on this). As the cause is broadening out to a few thousand people, its beginning to look more like a small political movement. Fewer and fewer people involved knew Amanda or any of the main parties involved personally.
So what we have here is a structure: a core group of people involved in the formal legal case, surrounded by a web support group who are gathering "evidence" in parallel with the actual trial, surrounded by a broader political movement. There are lots of criminal cases with the broader political movement. There are lots of political cases with a web based investigation but no broad political support. This triple is rare. And the best analogy is a civil suit that occurred recently
SCO v. IBM that I was involved with in much the same way as this case. And the point of this post is to examine this earlier case for what is instructive about it.
SCO was a market leader in x86 (PC) based Unixes during the 1980s and 90s, and arguably along with Microsoft one of the few companies that believed there was money in the operating system's business as opposed to operating systems being a lost liter for selling hardware. As Linux came in they moved onto more of a legacy support role and eventually saw their value eroded, eventually being merging with a Unix company (see
Caldera OpenLinux on wikipedia for more details).
The public controversy started when the SCO Group's CEO, Darl McBride, initiated a media campaign arguing that the Linux kernel contained "hundreds of lines" of code from SCO's version of UNIX, and that SCO would reveal the code to other companies under NDA in July. The Linux development process is public, and the kernel team has always been aggressive in attempting to ensure compliance with copyright law. The SCO code copyright violations, if they existed most likely were in the
IPX module which had been funded by Caldera, the predecessor to the SCO group. And so this media campaign led to public outrage by a small group of people who were involved with Linux. But this outrage quickly moved onto the broader community of people involved in the Linux community. In much the same way that Mignini's media leaks to British and Italian tabloids originally offended just Amanda's family and friends but later generated the public interest in Seattle regarding Amanda Knox.
With a high level of public interest the
initial filing in their lawsuit against IBM was heavily scrutinized. I was typical in noticing dozens of incorrect and false statement. I caught a lot of statements about the history of SCO, which I had been a fan of during the early 1990s, which were false. There were also provably false statements about the history of Linux. So in the discussions on the case I started raising these points. And this was nothing more than internet blather. What was different in this case, than so many others was I wasn't alone. Dozens of people were doing the same thing. And very quickly a site,
Groklaw, was set up which organized this counter information. Playing much the same role as Injustice in Perugia and Friends of Amanda do for the Knox case. A central collection of information about the case as if the broader public had a vote.
Its hard to give examples on a general purpose blog since: most of the readers don't know what an operating system is, Linux / SCO has to do with operating systems kernels and the debates about things like IPX have to do with kernel libraries. So I'll pick an example, which while trite gives an example of how misleading and dishonest the entire filling was. Point 75, reads (points are mine)
The name "Linux" is commonly understood in the computing industry to be a combination of the word "UNIX" (referring to the UNIX operating system) and the name "Linus." The name "Linus" was taken from the person who introduced Linux to the computing world, Linux Torvalds.
Which of course is false in a whole bunch of ways. The name of the original programmer was
Linus Torvalds, not Linux Torvalds. His name for the system was Freax which was a combination of Free, Freak and X. The name "
Linix" (not a typo) was Ari Lemmke's abbreviation of "Linus'
Minix". Ari ran the site where Linux was first uploaded and first distributed from. Minix was a reference to Andrew S. Tanenbaum Operating system he wrote as a companion to his standard text,
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (link is to the late 1980s version,
current is here).
And these details are important in context. The point of 75 was to argue that even the name Linux is evidence for their theory of the derivation of Linux While in reality the origin of the name shows the opposite. The reference to Minix shows that the early version of the code came from the educational / academic community and not the commercial community, product lines with the AT&T code. As an aside, the name Linux was a failed attempt at unifying the pronunciation using Linus name. American's were pronouncing Linix (Linn-ks) rather than 'Lee-nuks' (Len-uxs) and since Linus pronounces his name 'Lee-nus' the assumption was Linux would be pronounced that way; however Americans pronounce Linus as 'lye-nus' and Lye-nuks was the natural connection which also wasn't right and just added to the confusion.
So again while that point may sound nitpicky, and it is, this is meant to be an example that doesn't require background of how wrong SCO was on its many many points. And there were hundreds of these. All like the Harry Potter book, the blood on the knife, the bloody footprints... evidence that simply didn't exist. And just as guilters today in the Knox case encourage everyone to ignore the specific facts that virtually ever piece of evidence that is not irrelevant has been refuted, SCO's defenders encouraged the people hearing about these nonsensical claims to focus on the big picture. But of course the big picture was just an amalgamation of innuendo. But unlike in the Knox case the judiciary didn't feel it appropriate to create their own theories from SCO's claims, filling in the blanks with "it is possible and in fact probable". Rather they focused on the evidence as presented by the plaintiff:
Viewed against the backdrop of SCO's plethora of public statements concerning IBM's and others' infringement of SCO's purported copyrights to the UNIX software, it is astonishing that SCO has not offered any competent evidence to create a disputed fact regarding whether IBM has infringed SCO's alleged copyrights through IBM's Linux activities.
The interest and controversy, fed by these sites continued to build. Journalists covering these sorts of things, typically rewrite a press release throw in a line or two of their own and move on after a few hours. For serious cases of course everything needs to be carefully fact checked, reputations can be made or lost based on how evidence was handled. And journalists soon found that this case was not going to be treated the same way as a minor lawsuit. The level of controversy and heat, was more like writing about the Israeli / Palestinian crisis or a major political case. There were expected to check and double check every line they wrote. Years later journalists faced criticism for what they had written in SCO v. IBM; and almost all who had done little more than regurgitate press releases had to write detailed apology / retractions admitting it, to maintain their credibility.
But journalists were not the only ones effected. The legal system itself was substantially influenced. They were people in IBM that originally been inclined to settle cheaply. The PR campaign and the community reaction to the SCO PR campaign put those ideas to rest. IBM knew the community reaction to anything short of total victory would be devastatingly negative publicity. Conversely the ongoing case was a net positive in terms of marketing, IBM's got to be the good guys among a large chunk of their potential customer base all for the cost of a minor lawsuit, SCO's PR campaign backfired. And again the analogy of Mignini's original vilification campaign leading to a dozen books and at least 3 movies works well in this analogy.
And as the case continued the people involved who were deposing themselves to assist IBM were not secondary players like myself but primaries. For example the project manager who had negotiated parts of the project Monterey contract for SCO with IBM came forward to contradict SCO's claims about what their intent had been at the time. The estate of John Lions, whom both sides knew had died of old age, came forward publicly to forward to contradict SCO's claims, and provide evidence to IBM about having gotten parts of
Lions' Commentary on UNIX from AT&T that Lions hadn't. IBM's lawyers had the effect of an infinite investigative budget. Even SCO admitted how effective Groklaw was and
tried to create a connection with IBM to put an end to their activities, which failed.
In terms of the Judges, most couldn't believe that this "BS lawsuit" was the case they were going to be famous for. None had experienced this level of public scrutiny where every motion was discussed publicly and in detail. It caused them to go more slowly and more carefully. It is my hope that the publicity for the Knox case similarly effects the Italian judges. The Italian judiciary is being attacked from the right within Italy, from the British with the EU it doesn't need to further alienate America where Italy has consistently taken the position that justice must meet international standards and shouldn't be a one country affair, (see
Italy the EU and the international standards of justice).
Finally business partners and contributors to the lawsuit like like Yarro, Microsoft and Sun were affected. Negative PR for Linux had been a boon for Microsoft and Sun. Positive PR for SCO had been a boon for Yarro. But once this case became really hot everyone backed off. Microsoft while seen as unavoidably hostile to Linux needed to avoid being truly detested the way SCO was. SUN wanted credibility in the open source world. Conversely people on the other side like Novell and IBM who had often been mixed earned a lot street cred by being on the side of the angels. Perguia was shocked when Seattle rejected Perugia park. Rocco Girlanda has a US reputation now, and contacts with average Americans.
While the Knox case is not nearly as big as the SCO v. IBM case, I do think its an instructive example.
